1922 Great Fire of Izmir

The Great Fire of Izmir was one of the crises that greatly affected the Ottoman Empire that reigned at that time. First of all, the fact that the construction materials of the houses in the Ottomans were made of wood caused the fire to be large and continuous. In addition, the Ottoman people did not encounter such a big fire at that time. It shows that the measure was also very limited. At the time, the Ottoman people, Greeks, Armenians and Jews lived together in Izmir, so we can say that Izmir hosted quite a variety of cultures at that time.

As a result of this fire, which started in 1922, 14000 houses were burned and more than 2000 people died.This negative result of the crisis caused the government to re-plan the city. The most important feature of the plans proposed in the reconstruction of Izmir is the focus on squares and an attempt to create an integrity from the squares. It is similar to the integrities of the plans proposed after the London fire. Only, as a result of this crisis, one of the important differences between these two cities is to preserve the historical texture of London, while in Izmir, such a thought. Unadopted, so to speak, it is aimed to recreate Izmir because the buildings burned after the crisis. As a result of the people who lost their lives and people who lost their lives, it could not be determined who will be the land or the house, so it was easier to regenerate your city with an inheritance shortage. In the London fire in 1666, with the idea of ​​creating a city from the squares focused on Izmir starch, Robert Hooke’s determination of the city according to the squares. The idea is similar, but one of the important differences between this idea is that the roads determining the squares in Izmir progress in a triangle, while in Robert Hooke’s plan, the roads progress in a middle general way and each square has its own church and this church, squares around it. While the size of the squares in Izmir varies, the squares are repeated in the same way in Robert Hooke’s plan proposed for London.

1922 Great Fire of Izmir Plan

1666 Great Fire of London | Robert Hooke’s Plan

1919 – 1934 Red Vienna

Vienna is one of the important cities of Austria, and this city was exposed to the effects of both World War I and the Spanish flu at the same time. These two major crises affected the fabric of the city, as a result of these crises, approximately one third of the world’s population died. The city showed the need for open space among its proposals. In addition, the economic difficulties brought by the War accelerated the reconstruction of Vienna.The idea of ​​separation of people according to their social status was unnecessary in Vienna, so the idea of ​​equality of the people was advocated.

Since the differences in status between people in Paris and Lisbon are replaced by the idea of ​​equality of the people in Vienna, the emergence of these housing blocks is also linked to the socialist ideas adopted by the new party, and it is clear that people can also coexist. These open areas have been adopted as green areas and these green areas served as courtyards for the blocks It is possible to say that Vienna is the first city to step into mass housing projects.In addition, with this reference, it is possible to compare Herman Jansen’s plan for Bahçelievler. These common green spaces were intended to be built green spaces, and it was wanted to increase the interaction of people with each other. In other words, the idea of ​​going from part to whole in Bahçelievler City plan is more dominant.

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Bahçelievler City Plan / Red Vienna’s Hofs Plan

1848 French Revolution

One of the important events of the 18th century is the French Revolution. Throught this Revolution, France was replaced by the Republic system instead of absolute monarchy and the influence of the church on the people decreased. When we look at the general structure of Paris in this period, it is possible to encounter social problems such as a rather irregular urbanization and excessive human discrimination.

The French Revolution didn’t just happen. In the 19th century, riots continued in Paris from time to time. One of the most important obstacles to suppressing these rebellions was that Paris had a really irregular structuring. Because the measures taken to stop the rebels could not be controlled. The reason for this was that Paris had irregular and narrow streets. After these riots, the first of the measures that the government could take against future riots was to re-plan the city. In this planning, Galignani focused especially on the streets and wanted to diversify the narrow and width of the streets. In addition to this, the high population of Paris at that time was wanted to be reduced and the poor in the region were removed from the city center and the city center was made where the bourgeois could live. In fact, we see that discrimination in this way also affects the planning of the city. The Streets built are divided into three parts. The first of these are wide roads, the second is small roads, and the third is the connection roads that provide transportation. In addition, due to the fact that the city is rearranged according to the status difference of the people, Paris has thus become one of the most expensive cities in the world.

Organize according to social status Galignani Plan

It is possible to say that the Hausmann plan embellished some of the different cities that were covered in the previous weeks. The Valentine Knight’s plan, one of the plans proposed after the great London fire of 1666, is quite similar to the Hausmann plan. Both wanted the city to be rebuilt on a grid system, and the connection of the main roads facilitated and diversified transportation within the city. This diversity has emerged as a result of the canals and roads designed in harmony with each other. In addition, the blocks designed in the Haussmann plan serve different social statuses, similar to the city plan proposed by Pompal for the redesign of Lisbon. Finally, the point I want to draw attention to is that although there was a century of difference between them, the idea of ​​social status difference still continued in Paris and Lisbon, and I can say that the reconstruction of the city was based on this idea.

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Valentine Knight’s Plan (1666 Great Fire of London) / Hausmann Plan (1848 Paris)